The philosophy of the Greeks urged thinkers to investigate the world and to share their knowledge. As knowledge proliferated, specialized study became a necessity. Thus, classical education developed, particularly as embodied by the university. Developed first as a training ground for future clerics, the university quickly evolved into a center for higher learning. By 1100 AD, universities specializing in law and medicine were found in Italy and France. With a focus on rote memorization, on rhetoric, and on humanism, classical education and the university encouraged the development of a highly educated ruling class and sowed the seeds of the coming intellectual revolutions of the industrial age.